SC Wisconsin News

Managing medications before surgery is a crucial step to ensure patient safety and a smooth recovery process. Some medications can increase the risk of complications such as excessive bleeding, blood clots, or unexpected reactions during surgical procedures. Understanding which medications need to be stopped or adjusted is an essential part of preparing for surgery.

“Medications can alter how your body works and increase your risk of complications during surgery,” explains Olivia Bishop, a pharmacy resident at Aspirus Health. “That’s why it’s so important to know which medications to stop and when.”

Certain drugs, including those used for diabetes and weight loss, may delay stomach emptying. This can leave food in the stomach even after fasting, raising the risk of regurgitation or choking during surgery. Similarly, blood-thinning medications like anticoagulants can elevate the risk of excessive bleeding if not properly managed.

Herbal supplements and over-the-counter (OTC) medications might also lead to increased risks if not discontinued before surgery. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), supplements such as ginkgo biloba, garlic, and melatonin could heighten bleeding risks when combined with specific medications. Patients are generally advised to stop these supplements at least two weeks prior to surgery or follow their provider's guidance to minimize complications.

“If you take anticoagulants, herbals or supplements, it’s important to talk to your provider,” Bishop advises. “We want to ensure you aren’t putting yourself at an increased risk of bleeding.”

Patients usually receive detailed pre-operative instructions that specify which medications should be stopped and when. If instructions are unclear or absent, experts from Aspirus Health recommend contacting the surgeon or healthcare provider for clarification.

“Some medications might be more dangerous to stop suddenly,” Bishop says. Medications such as antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and certain blood pressure treatments may need continuation or gradual tapering under medical supervision. “It’s always better to ask your surgeon or health care provider and get clear guidance.”

Engaging in proactive discussions about medication with healthcare teams is one of the best ways patients can ensure a safe and smooth surgical experience.